Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
THE FIRST SCHEDULE — Orders · Order X

Examination of parties by the court

Synced on 04 Jul 2026Text as per India Code

Examination of parties by the court

1. Ascertainment whether allegations in pleadings are admitted or denied.

At the first hearing

of the suit the Court shall ascertain from each party or his pleader whether he admits or denies such

allegations of fact as are made in the plaint or written statement (if any) of the opposite party, and as are

not expressly or by necessary implication admitted or denied by the party against whom they are made.

The Court shall record such admissions and denials.

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[1A. Direction of the court to opt for any one mode of alternative dispute resolution.

After

recording the admissions and denials, the court shall direct the parties to the suit to opt either mode of the

settlement outside the court as specified in sub-section (1) of section 89. On the option of the parties, the

court shall fix the date of appearance before such forum or authority as may be opted by the parties.

1B. Appearance before the conciliatory forum or authority.

Where a suit is referred under rule

1A, the parties shall appear before such forum or authority for conciliation of the suit.

1C. Appearance before the court consequent to the failure of efforts of conciliation.

Where a suit is

referred under rule 1A, and the presiding officer of conciliation forum or authority is satisfied that it

would not be proper in the interest of justice to proceed with the matter further, then, it shall refer the

matter again to the court and direct the parties to appear before the court on the date fixed by it.]

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[2. Oral examination of party, or companion of party.

(1) At the first hearing of the suit, the Court—

(a) shall, with a view to elucidating matters in controversy in the suit examine orally such of the

parties to the suit appearing in person or present in Court, as it deems fit; and

(b) may orally examine any person, able to answer any material question relating to the suit, by

whom any party appearing in person or present in Court or his pleader is accompanied.

1. The proviso added by Act 104 of 1976, s. 59 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

2.

Explanation ins. by s. 59, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

3. Ins. by Act 46 of 1999, s. 20 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).

4. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, s. 60, for rule 2 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).

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(2) At any subsequent hearing, the Court may orally examine any party appearing in person or

present in Court, or any person, able to answer any material question relating to the suit, by whom such

party or his pleader is accompanied.

(3) The Court may, if it thinks fit, put in the course of an examination under this rule questions

suggested by either party.]

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3. Substance of examination to be written.

The substance of the examination shall be reduced

to writing by the Judge, and shall form part of the record.

4. Consequence of refusal or inability of pleader to answer.

(1) Where the pleader of any party

who appears by a pleader or any such person accompanying a pleader as is referred to in rule 2, refuses

or is unable to answer any material question relating to the suit which the Court is of opinion that the

party whom he represents ought to answer, and is likely to be able to answer if interrogated in person,

the Court 2[may postpone the hearing of the suit to a day not later than seven days from the date of first

hearing] and direct that such party shall appear in person on such day.

(2) If such party fails without lawful excuse to appear in person on the day so appointed, the Court

may pronounce judgment against him, or make such order in relation to the suit as it thinks fit.

Judgments on Section Order X