LexStreakRead free →
Supreme Court of India· 18 February 2025

Under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, how does the filing of the charge-sheet bear on a plea for anticipatory bail?

HITESH UMESHBHAI MASHRU v. THE STATE OF GUJARAT & ANR
2025 INSC 246
Coram: Justice Bela M. Trivedi · Justice Prasanna B. Varale
Full text of the Supreme Court of India's judgmentChecked against the originalFree to read
🔖 Save this judgment🔔 Follow s.438 Code of Criminal Procedure…📬 Get today's judgments
View the original judgment PDFFree to read. To download it — or the LexStreak typeset copy with the headnote and Points of Law — create an account; downloads are part of the Pro plan.
Headnote

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 — s.438 — Indian Penal Code, 1860 — ss.493, 376(2)(n) — Anticipatory bail — Charge-sheet filed — Continued cooperation — Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 — s.438 — Bail where the accused cooperated and the charge-sheet is filed — Held: Where the accused has joined the investigation under interim protection and the charge-sheet has since been filed, anticipatory bail may be granted without expressing any opinion on the merits, on such terms as the Trial Court imposes. (¶7, 8) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 — s.438 — Cooperation a continuing condition; liberty to seek cancellation — Held further: Such protection is conditional on continued cooperation with the investigation, and the State retains liberty to apply for cancellation should any condition imposed by the Trial Court be violated or breached. Appeal allowed. (¶8, 9)

The questions this judgment answers
1

Under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, how does the filing of the charge-sheet bear on a plea for anticipatory bail?

Once the investigation is complete and the charge-sheet has been filed, the custodial-interrogation rationale for refusing pre-arrest bail largely falls away. Here the Court took that fact together with the appellant''s having joined the investigation under its protection, and granted bail without expressing any opinion on the merits.

2

What conditions attach to an order granting anticipatory bail under Section 438 CrPC, and what remedy does the State retain?

The terms and conditions are left to the Trial Court to impose, and the accused must continue to cooperate with the investigation. The State remains at liberty to apply for cancellation of bail if any condition so imposed is violated or breached.

3

What order did the Supreme Court pass on the appeal against refusal of successive anticipatory bail?

The appeal was allowed. The Court directed that in the event of arrest in connection with the stated FIR the appellant be released on bail, if not required in any other case, on terms fixed by the Trial Court.

Prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment.

One judgment a day. That's the whole habit.

LexStreak turns the Supreme Court's output into a five-minute daily read for advocates — plain-language headnotes, the questions each judgment settles, and the full text when you need it.

🔖Save judgments into folders you actually use
📚A daily feed curated to your practice areas
🔥A reading streak, and your place on the Bar leaderboard
Create my free account

Free forever plan · 30 seconds · data stays in India

Acts & Sections
Section 438, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973Section 493, Indian Penal Code, 1860Section 376, Indian Penal Code, 1860s.438 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s.493 Indian Penal Code, 1860s.376(2)(n) Indian Penal Code, 1860
Full judgment
1.

Leave granted.

2.

The present appeal arises out of the impugned judgment and order dated 23.08.2024, passed by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in R/ Criminal Misc. Application (for successive anticipatory bail) No. 16462 of 2024, whereby the High Court had rejected the said application, filed by the present appellant, seeking anticipatory bail in connection with the F.I.R. No. 11203024220505 dated 16.07.2022, registered at Police Station-B-Division, District- Junagadh, for the offence punishable under Sections- Deepak Joshi 493 and 376(2)(n) of the Indian Penal Code (for short ‘IPC’). 2

3.

Heard learned counsel appearing for the parties and perused the material on record.

4.

It is sought to be submitted by the learned counsel, Mr. Virat Popat, appearing for the appellant, that the appellant had married the prosecutrix (respondent no.2) at the age of 47 years, and it was the third marriage of both the parties i.e. the appellant and the prosecutrix. He further submitted that the appellant has joined the investigation after he was granted protection against his arrest by this Court vide the order dated 01.10.2024.

5.

Learned counsel appearing for the respondent- State, relying upon the additional affidavit filed by the Investigating officer, submitted that the investigation is over, and as per his instructions, the charge-sheet has already been filed in the case.

6.

Learned counsel, Ms. Aastha Mehta, appearing for respondent no.2 (prosecutrix), however, has objected to the granting of the anticipatory bail to the appellant by submitting that the appellant had cheated the respondent no.2 (prosecutrix) under the pretext of marriage. She further submitted that their 3 marriage was also not registered, however they had married as per their customs.

7.

Having regard to the submissions made by the learned counsels appearing for the parties and to the fact that now the charge-sheet has already been filed but, without expressing any opinion on the merits of the case, we are inclined to accept the present appeal.

8.

Hence, it is directed that in the event of the arrest of the appellant, in connection with the F.I.R. No. 11203024220505 dated 16.07.2022, registered at Police Station-B-Division, District- Junagadh, he shall be released on bail, if not required in any other case, on such terms and conditions that may be imposed by the Trial Court. He shall continue to co-operate with the investigation.

9.

It goes without saying that the respondent-State shall be at liberty to file appropriate application seeking cancellation of bail in case any of the conditions, that may be imposed by the Trial Court, are violated or breached by the appellant. 4

10.

Accordingly, the appeal is allowed. 11. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand closed. .......……..............J. (BELA M. TRIVEDI) ........................J. (PRASANNA B. VARALE) New Delhi 18.02.2025

What the Court decided this week

Whether the High Court, in the exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, was justified in disturbing the concurrent findings of fact recorded by the trial court and the first appellate court?

2026 INSC 900 · Supreme Court of India

Can an advocate disclose a former client's confidential information to media after the relationship turns hostile?

2026 INSC 907 · Supreme Court of India

What distinguishes genuine public interest litigation from disguised misuse, per the Vaniyambadi Level Crossing case?

2026 INSC 903 · Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court decides something every day. Read one a day.

A free account gets you the day's judgments in your practice areas, a reading streak, and folders to keep what matters.

Start reading free
Source: Supreme Court of India. Reproduced for open access to public legal records, as issued — we add no masking of our own.
Headnote and questions prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk · Report an error · Privacy