Why was the alimony enhanced although the wife was highly qualified?
Coram: Vikram Nath; Sandeep Mehta
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 — s.25 — Permanent alimony — Balancing capacity and need — Enhancement — Held: Determination of permanent alimony requires a balanced approach weighing the husband's capacity to pay against the wife's needs; where the husband, a doctor, has the capacity to pay more than the Family Court awarded, and the wife, though highly qualified and able to sustain herself, is not in acute economic deprivation, it is nonetheless just and equitable to secure her future by enhancement. (¶9) Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 — s.25 — Quantum — One-time settlement — Instalments — Held further: The permanent alimony is enhanced from Rs.15,00,000 to Rs.50,00,000 as a one-time settlement, to reasonably secure the wife's future and a standard of living commensurate with her circumstances, payable in five equal monthly instalments. (¶10, 11) Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 — Divorce affirmed — Full and final settlement — Disposition — Held further: While affirming the decree of divorce, the High Court's order is modified only as to quantum, and all claims arising from the marriage and the present litigation stand fully and finally settled. Appeals partly allowed. (¶13)
What approach governs the fixing of permanent alimony?
A balanced approach weighing the husband's capacity to pay against the wife's needs, considering the parties' qualifications, earning ability and standard of living.
Why was the alimony enhanced although the wife was highly qualified?
Because the husband, a doctor, had the capacity to pay more, and although the wife could sustain herself and was not in acute deprivation, a one-time settlement was needed to reasonably secure her future.
What was the final quantum and mode of payment?
Rs.50,00,000 as a one-time settlement, payable in five equal monthly instalments, in full and final settlement of all claims arising from the marriage.
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These appeals arise from the common order dated 18.11.2022 passed by the High Court of Karnataka at Bengaluru in M.F.A. No.3747/2015 (FC) and M.F.A. No.2483/2022 (FC). The appellant-wife is before this Court as the High Court has upheld the decree of divorce granted by the Family Court and confirmed the amount of Rs.15,00,000/- awarded as permanent alimony.
The brief facts giving rise to the appeals are as follows: 3.1. The appellant-wife and the respondent-husband were married on 27.02.2009. The respondent pursued higher studies in Chandigarh, where the appellant joined him in December 2009 and stayed until July 2010. The appellant claims to have financially supported the respondent during this period. The marriage is childless. 3.2. On 15.06.2011, the respondent filed a petition under Section 13(1)(a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 seeking dissolution of marriage on the ground of mental cruelty. 3.3. The appellant filed objections to the petition along with a counterclaim under Section 23(1)(a) of the HMA seeking restitution of conjugal rights. 3.4. In 2014, the appellant moved I.A. No.3 under Section 24 HMA seeking maintenance. The Family Court, by order dated 02.08.2013, awarded her Rs.10,000/- per month. Dissatisfied, she filed Writ Petition No.46786/2013, whereupon the High Court, by order dated 12.09.2014, enhanced the amount to Rs.25,000/- per month. 3.5. By order dated 25.04.2015, the Family Court granted a decree of divorce and awarded Rs.15,00,000/- as permanent alimony. 3.6. Aggrieved, the appellant filed M.F.A. No.3747/2015 to set aside the divorce decree, and M.F.A. No.2483/2022 against dismissal of her counterclaim. The respondent filed M.F.A. No.5015/2015 challenging the quantum of alimony. 3.7. By the impugned order, the High Court dismissed all three appeals. It upheld the grant of divorce on the ground of cruelty, noting that while the wife expressed willingness to resume marital life, the husband was unwilling. The Court observed that the husband, a doctor by profession, and the wife, a qualified engineer now practising as an advocate, were both capable individuals, and held that the Rs.15,00,000/- awarded as alimony by the Family Court was appropriate. 3.8. The appellant-wife has preferred the present appeals.
We have heard learned counsel for the parties.
Notice in these appeals was issued only on the question of alimony. 6. The Family Court awarded Rs.15,00,000/- as permanent alimony, which the High Court upheld. We directed both parties to file affidavits disclosing their income and liabilities to enable assessment of all relevant factors.
The respondent is a doctor earning approximately Rs.1,40,000/- per month from his employment. The appellant holds an M.Tech (Computer Science) and an LL.B. degree. She claims to be presently unemployed.
The respondent has produced his Income Tax Returns reflecting a taxable income of around Rs.1.4 lakhs per month, along with his bank statements. The appellant asserts that in the year 2010, the respondent purchased property in his own name.
Determination of alimony requires consideration of multiple factors. It is evident from the material on record that the respondent has the capacity to pay a higher amount than that awarded by the Family Court. At the same time, although the appellant claims to be unemployed, she is highly qualified and has the ability to earn and sustain herself. She is not in a state of acute economic deprivation. A balanced approach, weighing the respondent’s capacity and the appellant’s needs, must therefore be adopted.
Having considered the submissions and the evidence on record, we find it just and equitable to enhance the permanent alimony to Rs.50,00,000/- as a one-time settlement. This amount will reasonably secure the appellant’s future and ensure a standard of living commensurate with her circumstances.
The amount of Rs.50,00,000/- shall be paid in five equal monthly instalments as follows: • First instalment of Rs.10,00,000/- on or before 30.09.2025 • Second instalment of Rs.10,00,000/- on or before 31.10.2025 • Third instalment of Rs.10,00,000/- on or before 30.11.2025 • Fourth instalment of Rs.10,00,000/- on or before 31.12.2025 • Fifth instalment of Rs.10,00,000/- on or before 31.01.2026 12. The appellant shall furnish her bank account details to the respondent for the above payments.
In view of the above, the appeals are partly allowed. While affirming the decree of divorce, we modify the High Court’s order to the extent that the permanent alimony payable to the appellant-wife shall be Rs.50,00,000/- as a onetime settlement. All claims arising from the marriage and the present litigation shall stand fully and finally settled.
Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of. ……………………………….J. [VIKRAM NATH] ……………………………….J. [SANDEEP MEHTA]
NEW DELHI
AUGUST 18, 2025
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