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Supreme Court of India· 15 April 2025

Can a court decide whether engineering drawings are an 'artistic work' or a registrable 'design' while deciding an application under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908?

Cryogas Equipment Private Limited v. Inox India Limited and Others
2025 INSC 483
Coram: Surya Kant; Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh
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Answer

No. That question involves a mixed question of law and fact and could not have been decided at a preliminary stage on a casual appraisal of the plaint averments. An application under Order VII Rule 11 involves only a prima facie inquiry as to the disclosure of a cause of action in the plaint. Where the Commercial Court non-suited the plaintiff by misreading the plaint, misapplying legal principles and overlooking the distinction between 'artistic work' and 'design', the case warrants a trial given the triable issues involved.

Headnote

Copyright Act, 1957 — s.2(c) — s.14(c) — s.15(2) — Designs Act, 2000 — s.2(d) — Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — Or. VII r.11 — Artistic work and design — Functional utility — Two-pronged approach — Copyright Act, 1957 — s.15(2) — Designs Act, 2000 — s.2(d) — Two-pronged approach — Held: A two-pronged approach governs the overlap. The court first asks whether the work is purely an artistic work or a design subjected to an industrial process, then applies functional utility to determine its dominant purpose. (¶60) Copyright Act, 1957 — s.2(c) — s.14(c) — Original artistic work — Copyright survives industrial application — Held further: An original artistic work does not lose copyright merely because a design derived from it is industrially applied. Artistic work under Section 2(c) has a wide connotation and need not possess visual appeal. (¶55, 58) Copyright Act, 1957 — s.15(2) — Designs Act, 2000 — Fifty reproductions — Copyright in design ceases — Held further: Copyright in a design capable of being registered under the Designs Act but not so registered ceases once the article is reproduced more than fifty times by an industrial process. Design protection is not granted by default. (¶56, 59) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — Or. VII r.11 — Mixed question of law and fact — Rejection of plaint — Held further: Whether drawings are an artistic work or a registrable design is a mixed question of law and fact, not decidable on a prima facie inquiry into the cause of action. Appeals dismissed; trial directed. (¶67, 68)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 67We are in complete agreement with the reasoning of the High Court that the question as to whether the original artistic work would fall within the meaning of ‘design’ under the Designs Act cannot be answered while deciding an application under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC. This stage would involve only a prima facie inquiry as to the disclosure of cause of action in the plaint. The question pertaining to ascertaining the true nature of the ‘Proprietary Engineering Drawings’ involves a mixed question of law and fact and could not have been decided by the Commercial Court at a preliminary stage based upon such a casual appraisal of the plaint averments.
Paragraph 68We therefore concur with the High Court that this case warrants a trial given the triable issues involved. The plaintiff before the Commercial Court, i.e., Inox, was erroneously non-suited due to incorrect assumptions made by the Commercial Court which misread the plaint, misapplied legal principles and overlooked the distinction between ‘artistic work’ and ‘design.’
Acts & Sections
s.15(2) Copyright Act, 1957s.2(c) Copyright Act, 1957s.14(c) Copyright Act, 1957s.2(d) Designs Act, 2000Or. VII r.11 Code of Civil Procedure, 1908Or. XXXIX rr.1 and 2 Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

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Also decided in this judgment
What test determines whether a work is protected as an 'artistic work' under the Copyright Act, 1957 or as a 'design' under the Designs Act, 2000?Does an original artistic work lose copyright protection under the Copyright Act, 1957 merely because a design derived from it has been industrially applied to create a product?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections