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Madras High Court· 10 September 2026

Can a plaintiff seek partition of property covered by a registered settlement deed without having it cancelled or set aside?

M.Santhanam v. P.Ponram
AS(MD).56/2024 · 2026:MHC:3755 · A.S(MD)No.56 of 2024
Coram: Justice P.Vadamalai
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Answer

A plaintiff cannot seek partition of property covered by a registered settlement deed without having it cancelled or set aside.

No. A plaintiff cannot seek partition of property covered by a registered settlement deed without having it cancelled or set aside. Where a plaintiff seeks to establish title which cannot be established without avoiding an instrument that stands as an insurmountable obstacle in his way, he must seek a declaration and have that instrument cancelled or set aside. (¶21, 22)

Headnote

Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — s.68 — Registered settlement deed — Specific denial — Partition — Self-acquired property — Partition — Property allotted to a coparcener — Self-acquired, not ancestral — Held: Property allotted to a coparcener on partition ceases to retain the incidents of joint family property and becomes his self-acquired property with absolute rights. (¶15) Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — s.68 — Registered document — Attesting witness not required — Held further: Where execution of a registered document other than a Will is not specifically denied, the proviso to s.68 applies and no attesting witness need be called. (¶17, 19) Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — s.68 — Presumption of valid execution — Onus on the party challenging — Held further: A registered document is presumed to be validly executed, and the onus to rebut that presumption lies on the party challenging it. (¶18) Partition — Registered settlement deed standing in the way — Cancellation a condition precedent — Held further: A plaintiff cannot seek partition of property covered by a registered settlement deed without having it cancelled or set aside. Appeal dismissed. (¶21, 22)

Headnote

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In the Court's own words
Paragraph 21The specific argument of the defendant's side is that until the settlement deed is cancelled or set aside, the plaintiffs cannot seek partition as the deed is the main obstacle to the plaintiffs. On perusal of records, the defendants in their written statement clearly pleaded that his parents executed a registered settlement deed dated 21.05.1996 in his favour. Thereafter, the defendant mutated the revenue records and has been in possession and enjoyment for the past about 25 years from 1996. The defendant marked patta and kist receipt as his exhibits. Hence, the plaintiffs, being sisters of defendant, might have known about the execution of the settlement deed. Even after filing written statement with contents about the execution of registered settlement deed, the plaintiffs have not taken any steps to cancel or set aside the same by way of filing a case before appropriate forum, much less to add a prayer for cancellation of settlement deed in the suit on hand. Therefore, the plaintiff cannot seek for partition without setting aside or cancelling the settlement deed as rightly put forth by the defendant by relying on ruling (1996) 7 Supreme Court Cases 767 in MD.Noorul Hoda /v/ Bibi Raifunnisha and Others case (stated supra) in which it is held in paragraph No.6 as follows:
Paragraph 22As discussed above, the settlement deed dated 21.05.1996 under Ex.B.1 is proved by the respondent/defendant and the trial Court has the right to hold that it is valid and proved. Therefore, the plaintiff cannot seek for partition in respect of the suit property covered in Ex.B.1 settlement deed. Considering the above facts and circumstances, the judgment and decree of the trial Court do not warrant interference and the same has to be confirmed. The points are answered accordingly. Thus, this appeal fails.
Acts & Sections
s.68 Indian Evidence Act, 1872

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Also decided in this judgment
Is property allotted to a coparcener on partition his self-acquired property and not joint family property?Must an attesting witness be called to prove a registered document, other than a Will, whose execution is not specifically denied?Is a registered document presumed to be validly executed, with the onus to rebut that presumption on the person challenging it?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Madras High Court. Corrections