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Supreme Court of India· 22 August 2026

Can the court fee question be deferred to the evidence in the suit?

Neelam Sharma and Others v. Amita Passan and Others
2026 INSC 913 · SLP (C) No.31540 of 2025
Coram: N.V. Anjaria; S.V.N. Bhatti
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Answer

Yes. The payability of court fee depends not only on the possession aspect or the prayer in that regard but also on the aspects relating to the sale deed claimed to have been executed and the other relevant facts, which are issues to be threshed out on evidence. The question is therefore deferred to be considered upon the evidence finally led.

Headnote

Court Fees Act, 1870 — s.7(iv)(c) — Second Schedule Article 17(iii) — Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — Order VII Rule 11 — Rejection of plaint — Ad-valorem court fee — Non-executant in joint possession — Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — Order VII Rule 11 — Rejection of plaint — Plaint averments alone — Held: On an application under Order VII Rule 11, CPC the court has to consider the averments in the plaint only. A plaint cannot be rejected on the basis of allegations made in the written statement of the defendant. (¶5) Court Fees Act, 1870 — s.7(iv)(c) — Second Schedule Article 17(iii) — Non-executant seeking declaration — Held further: A non-executant who is in possession and sues for a declaration that a deed is null or void pays merely the fixed court fee under Article 17(iii). Ad-valorem court fee under Section 7(iv)(c) is attracted only where he is not in possession and also seeks possession. (¶5) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — Order VII Rule 11 — Court Fees Act, 1870 — Court fee deferred to evidence — Held further: Where the plaint asserts joint possession, the plaint is not liable to be rejected at the threshold on the court-fee ground. Whether ad valorem or fixed court fee is payable must be decided upon the evidence led in the suit. Appeal allowed. (¶6)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 6Now, considering the suit averments and the suit prayers in the instant case, as also the proposition of law emanating from the decision in Suhrid Singh (supra), the Court is of the view that looking to the suit averments, the plaint is not liable to be rejected on the ground pleaded under Order VII Rule 11, CPC. The Trial Court was justified in law in refusing to reject the plaint. The High Court, however, fell in error in issuing the impugned directions.
Acts & Sections
Order VII Rule 11 Code of Civil Procedure, 1908s.7(iv)(c) Court Fees Act, 1870Second Schedule Article 17(iii) Court Fees Act, 1870

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Also decided in this judgment
Must a co-owner in joint possession pay ad-valorem court fee to declare a sale deed void?Can a plaint be rejected under Order VII Rule 11 on the written statement’s allegations?How does suing to cancel a deed differ from suing to declare it void?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections