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Supreme Court of India· 03 September 2026

Can the Executive Committee under the NCTE Act call upon institutions to file a Performance Appraisal Report once the Council has authorised a proforma?

THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHERS v. ASSOCIATION OF NCTE APPROVED COLLEGES
2026 INSC 953
Coram: Justice Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha · Justice Alok Aradhe
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Answer

Section 12(k) of the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 empowers the Council to evolve a suitable performance appraisal system and mechanism for enforcing accountability on recognised institutions. Once the Council has deliberated on the issue and authorised a proforma, the Executive Committee, as the Council's executive arm, may implement that decision through its Member Secretary by issuing a Public Notice calling upon institutions to file the Performance Appraisal Report.

Headnote

National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 — s.12(k) — s.19 — Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 — s.23 — Performance Appraisal Report — Executive Committee's regulatory power — Judicial review of statutory regulators — National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 — s.12(k) — Executive Committee's power to call for PAR — Held: Section 12(k) of the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 empowers the Council to evolve a performance appraisal system for recognised institutions. Once the Council deliberates and authorises a proforma, the Executive Committee may implement it through its Member Secretary. (¶21) National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 — Incidental and ancillary regulatory power — Held further: A regulatory measure can be incidental and ancillary to a regulator's duties and functions even without specific empowerment under the statute. The Executive Committee's Public Notice calling for the Performance Appraisal Report falls within this incidental power. (¶22) Judicial Review — Scope of review over statutory regulators — Held further: In judicial review of a statutory regulator's action, a High Court must examine only whether the authority acted in violation of a mandatory provision or transgressed its vested power. Courts cannot adopt a technical or a pedantic view of the regulator's action. (¶10, 24) National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 — Process fee as incidental regulatory power — Held further: The payment accompanying the Performance Appraisal Report is in the nature of a process fee, itself an incidental and ancillary regulatory power. The Public Notice was legal and valid; the appeal is allowed and the High Court's judgment is set aside. (¶25, 26)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 21We are of the opinion that there is ample empowerment of the Council as well as the Executive Committee to call for annual Performance Appraisal Report from institutions imparting teacher education. To start with, such a power is clearly traceable to Section 12(k) of the Act, whereunder the Council could “evolve suitable performance appraisal system, norms and mechanisms for enforcing accountability on recognised institutions” and in exercise of such a function, the Council deliberated on the issue and authorised Executive Committee to implement it through a formal proforma. Thereafter, it is the duty of the Executive Committee to carry forward the mandate of the Council. This is exactly what the Member Secretary did, when he issued the Public Notice dated 22.09.2019 calling upon the institutions running NCTE recognised courses to file Performance Appraisal Report.
Acts & Sections
s.12(k) National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.19 National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.23 Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009s.20 National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.2(e) National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.2(l) National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.3 National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993ss.14-17 National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.31 National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993s.32 National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993

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Also decided in this judgment
Can a statutory regulator's power to call for a Performance Appraisal Report be incidental and ancillary to its duties without specific empowerment under the statute?When a High Court reviews a statutory regulator like the NCTE, must it examine only whether a mandatory provision was violated or power was transgressed?Is a payment required alongside a Performance Appraisal Report a process fee that a regulator may impose as an incidental power?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections