LexStreak
Read free →
Supreme Court of India· 24 September 2026

Does mere registration of a case under the POCSO Act by itself prove the allegation true or defeat a parent's claim to custody?

'R' v. 'E' & Anr
2026 INSC 1049 · CIVIL APPEAL NO.13119 OF 2026
Coram: Justice J.B. Pardiwala · Justice K. V. Viswanathan
🔖 Save this judgment🔔 Follow s.10 Protection of Children from…📬 Get today's judgments
View the original judgment PDFFree to read. To download it — or the LexStreak typeset copy with the headnote and Points of Law — create an account; downloads are part of the Pro plan.
Answer

Mere registration of a case under the POCSO Act does not by itself prove the allegation true or defeat a parent's claim to custody.

No. An inference that the allegation is true does not arise merely because a case under the POCSO Act has been registered, and such registration must not become a ruse defeating a parent's legitimate custody or guardianship claim. On a case-to-case basis, on the material including that collected by the investigating agency, the court concerned must form its own prima facie view on whether the allegations are baseless.

Headnote

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — s.22 — s.33 — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 — s.35 — False allegations in matrimonial disputes — Arrest safeguard — Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — s.35 BNSS — Arrest safeguard — Expert evaluation — Held: Where an offence under the POCSO Act is alleged against a parent living with the child where a matrimonial dispute exists between the parents, the investigating officer must engage a child psychiatry or psychology expert to evaluate the child before forming "reason to believe" for arrest under Section 35 of the BNSS. (¶48, 60) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — s.33 — Special Court cognizance — Same safeguard — Held further: The same safeguard applies where a Special Court is deciding whether to take cognizance of a private complaint under Section 33 of the POCSO Act in like circumstances. (¶64, 70) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — Custody proceedings — Registration not proof — Held further: Mere registration of a case under the POCSO Act does not by itself prove the allegation true or defeat a parent's legitimate claim to custody; the court must independently assess whether the allegation is baseless. FIR quashed as an abuse of process; legal custody of the child to rest with Father-'R'. (¶76, 79)

Headnote

You've used your free headnotes this month

The answer above and the Court's own paragraphs stay free. LexStreak's full headnote on this judgment needs an account — a free one opens it again.

Create my free account
In the Court's own words
Paragraph 76We may now briefly consider a related situation. The child who is the alleged victim of an offence under the POCSO Act may be the subject of guardianship or custody proceedings between the child’s parents, and the offence may be alleged against one of the parents or against any other family member of that parent living under the same roof as the child. In such a case, the registration of the POCSO case may adversely affect that parent’s interests in the guardianship or custody proceedings. If the complaint is made with mala fide intent, its purpose may be to gain an upper hand in those proceedings. In such cases, the concerned court 69 should adopt the approach suggested by the Kerala High Court in Suhara (supra), to which we have already referred. To reiterate, the Kerala High Court held that: (i) the mere registration of a case under the POCSO Act should not by itself give rise to an inference that the allegation is true, and should not be allowed to become a ruse for defeating that parent's legitimate claim to custody or guardianship; and (ii) the court concerned, after considering the relevant material, including the material collected by the investigating agency, shall, on a case-to-case basis, form a prima facie view as to whether the allegations are baseless.
Acts & Sections
s.10 Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012s.22 Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012s.33 Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012s.35 Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023s.25 Guardians and Wards Act, 1890

One judgment a day. That's the whole habit.

Read the full text of 'R' v. 'E' & Anr — and get the Supreme Court's output as a five-minute daily read, with plain-language headnotes and the questions each judgment settles.

Create my free account

Free forever plan · 30 seconds · data stays in India

Open the full judgment →

Also decided in this judgment
Must an investigating officer obtain a psychiatric evaluation of the child before arresting a parent for an alleged POCSO offence where a matrimonial dispute exists?Does the expert-evaluation safeguard apply where a Special Court decides whether to take cognizance of a private complaint under the POCSO Act?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections