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Madras High Court· 20 August 2026

Is an order of transfer made on administrative grounds open to interference in judicial review, and on what grounds?

Kandhan Karunai.V v. Directorate of Medical Education
WP.2199/2023 · 2026:MHC:3556 · WP No. 2199 of 2023
Coram: Justice C.Kumarappan
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Answer

Only on limited grounds. A transfer effected on administrative grounds is an incidence of service and a condition of service and, ordinarily, cannot be interfered with by a Court in exercise of its power of judicial review unless the transfer is shown to be vitiated by mala fides, arbitrariness or statutory violation. An employee has no vested right to insist upon a particular place or post of posting, the choice of place of posting being primarily within the domain of the administration, and personal grievances of an employee cannot by themselves be a ground for interference.

Headnote

Service Law — Administrative transfer — Incidence of service — Malice in fact and malice in law — Judicial review — Service Law — Administrative transfer — Incidence of service — No vested right to a place of posting — Held: An administrative transfer is an incidence of service and a condition of service, and no employee has a vested right to insist upon a particular place or post of posting; the choice of posting lies within the domain of the administration. (¶8) Service Law — Administrative transfer — Judicial review — Mala fides, arbitrariness or statutory violation — Held further: A transfer effected on administrative grounds is not open to interference in judicial review unless shown to be vitiated by mala fides, arbitrariness or statutory violation; a personal grievance of the employee is no ground. (¶8) Service Law — Punitive transfer — Complaint against an employee — Not by itself punishment — Held further: A transfer effected pursuant to a complaint against an employee cannot by itself be construed as punitive; the administration may act bona fide to maintain discipline and a conducive atmosphere in the institution. (¶7, ¶13) Service Law — Mala fides — Pleading and proof — General allegation insufficient — Held further: An allegation of mala fides is general and unsustainable where no individual is impleaded in personal capacity and the petitioner does not demonstrate whether malice in fact or malice in law is asserted. Writ Petition dismissed. (¶13, ¶14)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 8Before we delve into the other aspects, this Court deems it appropriate to refer to certain settled principles with regard to administrative transfers, which are an incidence of service and a condition of service. When a transfer is effected on administrative grounds, ordinarily, the same cannot be interfered with by a Court in exercise of its power of judicial review, unless the transfer is shown to be vitiated by mala fides, arbitrariness or statutory violation. An employee has no vested right to insist upon a particular place or post of posting. The choice of place of posting is primarily within the domain of the administration. It is the duty of the administration to deploy its available human resources in the most effective manner for the larger interest of the institution and the society. Personal grievances of an employee, by themselves, cannot ordinarily be a ground for interference with an administrative transfer.

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Also decided in this judgment
Does a transfer effected pursuant to a complaint made against an employee become punitive in nature by that fact alone?What must a person alleging that an order of transfer is vitiated by mala fides demonstrate?Is a public servant justified in not joining at the transferred place while questioning the order of transfer?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Madras High Court. Corrections