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Supreme Court of India· 24 March 2026

Must the Navy fill every vacancy existing in a stabilised cadre?

Yogendra Kumar Singh v. Union of India & Ors.
2026 INSC 282
Coram: Surya Kant; Ujjal Bhuyan; Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh
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Answer

No. A candidate does not have a right to be selected merely due to the existence of a vacancy, and the competent authority may for policy reasons leave vacancies unfilled, so long as the decision is not plagued with the vice of arbitrariness, does not undermine merit and is not otherwise illegal.

Headnote

Navy Act, 1957 - s.9(2) - Regulations for the Navy Part III, 1963 - Regulation 203 - Permanent Commission - Short Service Commission Officers - Annual Confidential Reports - Fairness in selection - Regulations for the Navy Part III, 1963 - Regulation 203 - ACR grading under an assumption of ineligibility - Held: Where officers were graded under a bell-curve-based system while understood to be ineligible for Permanent Commission, higher gradings served no institutional purpose and endorsements against them were mechanical. Past ineligibility so converted into deemed unsuitability materially distorts inter se merit. (¶13, 17) Regulations for the Navy Part III, 1963 - Regulation 203 - Vacancies in the stabilised cadre - Material time - Held further: The material time for assessing vacancies is when officers are actually considered, since a historical deficiency bears no rational connection to the cadre position then prevailing. Distributing the deficiency over a fifteen-year horizon is anchored in service realities, not caprice. (¶33, 38) Constitution of India, 1950 - Art. 14 - Existence of a vacancy - No right to be selected - Held further: A candidate has no right to be selected merely because a vacancy exists, and the competent authority may leave vacancies unfilled for policy reasons. Such a choice stands unless it is arbitrary, undermines merit or is otherwise illegal. (¶41) Constitution of India, 1950 - Art. 14 - Selection Board - Prior disclosure of criteria and vacancies - Held further: Confining the evaluation criteria and vacancy computation methodology to internal approval, while the Army and the Air Force promulgated theirs, violates basic norms of fairness and transparency. Appeals allowed and Permanent Commission granted in place of a fresh Board. (¶51, 56)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 41In our considered opinion, this issue is no longer res integra. It is well settled, including through a judgement of a Constitution Bench of this Court in Shankarsan Dash v. Union of India,[^11] that a candidate does not have a right to be selected merely due to the existence of vacancy. It is open for the Competent Authority, for policy reasons, to leave such vacancies unfilled as are required, as long as such action is not plagued with the vice of arbitrariness, does not aim to undermine the merit of the candidates, or is not otherwise illegal.
Paragraph 42We find that the above-stated principle is squarely applicable in the instant case, given that the Navy has, for well-explained reasons, chosen not to exhaust all the available vacancies instantaneously. Owing to this, we cannot fault the Respondents’ decision to leave certain vacancies empty for future batches.
Acts & Sections
Regulation 203 Regulations for the Navy Part III, 1963s.9(2) Navy Act, 1957s.184 Navy Act, 1957Art. 14 Constitution of India, 1950

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Also decided in this judgment
Can ACRs written while an officer was ineligible for Permanent Commission decide his merit?Must selection criteria and vacancies be disclosed before a Permanent Commission Selection Board?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections