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Supreme Court of India· 21 April 2026

Under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, can a claimant''s stated monthly income be rejected merely for want of documentary evidence where he worked as a driver in that strata of income?

Prahlad Sahai v. Haryana Roadways & Anr.
2026 INSC 396 · CIVIL APPEAL NO.4642 OF 2026
Coram: K. V. Viswanathan; J.B. Pardiwala
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Answer

No. Documentary evidence could not be expected from persons employed in that strata of income; considering the occupation as driver and the year of the accident, a monthly income of Rs. 6,000/- was accepted as reasonable to compute. With medical evidence that the appellant would not be able to drive heavy vehicles after his right leg was amputated, functional disability was computed at hundred per cent and future prospects taken at 40 per cent.

Headnote

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — s.168 — Just compensation — Prosthetic limb — Restitutio in integrum — Assumed life span of seventy years — Block of five years — Government Notification rates — Functional disability — Future prospects — Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — s.168 — Prosthetic limb — Restitutio in integrum — Government rates not binding — Held: Restitutio in integrum entitles an amputee to procure a prosthetic limb of his own choice from a private centre; where the provision claimed is reasonable it is no answer for the defendant to point to cheaper options. The rates in the Government Notification, being abysmally low, are rejected. (¶26, 27) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — s.168 — Prosthetic limb — Assumed life span seventy years — Block of five years — Held further: Compensation for a prosthetic limb is computed on an assumed life span of seventy years with a block of five years as the reasonable replacement period, so a claimant aged thirty-two at the accident needs seven limbs, besides maintenance cost. (¶30, 31, 33) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — s.168 — Prosthetic limb — Quotations from service providers — Held further: A claim for compensation under the head of prosthetic limb must be accompanied with requisite quotations from at least two or three service providers, enabling the Tribunal to make an informed assessment of the actual cost. (¶29) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — s.168 — Monthly income — No documentary evidence — Functional disability — Held further: Documentary evidence of income cannot be expected from persons employed in that strata of income, and an amputated driver who can no longer drive heavy vehicles has a functional disability of hundred per cent. Appeal allowed. (¶35, 39)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 35The appellant claimed a monthly income of Rs. 6,000/-, as a heavy vehicle driver. The Tribunal and the High Court proceeded on basis of monthly income being Rs 4,500/-. We are inclined to accept the submission of the learned Counsel for the appellant that the income should be taken as Rs. 6,000/- and the future prospects ought to be calculated on that basis. We are persuaded to hold by relying on the judgments of Ramachandrappa (supra) and Syed Sadiq (supra) that merely because the appellant has not produced the documentary evidence, we are not prepared to reject the same. Considering the occupation as driver and the year of the accident, Rs. 6,000/- per month appears to be a reasonable amount to compute. Further AW-2 Dr. Ratan Lal Dayma has clearly deposed that the appellant will not be able to drive heavy vehicles. Today, his right leg is amputated. Hence, we compute the functional disability to 100 per cent and applying the formula of Rs.6000 X 40%X 12 X 16 (multiplier) and taking disability at 100 per cent, we arrive at the figure of Rs. 16,12,800/-. The High Court has awarded Rs. 8,10,432/-. Hence, on this head, the compensation will stand further enhanced by Rs. 8,02,368/- and accordingly, the loss of income during the treatment period will stand enhanced by Rs. 18,000/-.
Acts & Sections
s.168 Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

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Also decided in this judgment
Under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, is a Tribunal bound by the price range in the Government of India notification when awarding an amputee compensation under the head of prosthetic limb?Under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, on what assumed life span and what replacement interval is compensation for a prosthetic limb to be computed?Under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, what must a claim petition seeking compensation under the head of prosthetic limb or artificial limb be accompanied with?Under Section 168 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, what does the mandate to determine ''just compensation'' require where compensation is assessed for loss of a limb?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections