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Supreme Court of India· 13 March 2023

When does a reference carry the arbitration clause under the Arbitration Act, s.7(5)?

Shinhan Bank v. Carol Info Services Limited
2023 INSC 217 · Arbitration Petition (Civil) No. 1 of 2019
Coram: Dr Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud, CJI; Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha, J.; J B Pardiwala, J.
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Answer

Where the terms of the document are incorporated rather than merely referred to. If a contract provides that the said document shall form part and parcel of the contract, or that all its terms shall be read or treated as a part of the contract, the terms of that document in entirety get bodily lifted and incorporated, and if the document so incorporated contains a provision for settlement of disputes by arbitration, that arbitration clause also applies to the contract.

Headnote

Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 — s.7(5) — s.11 — Incorporation by reference — Arbitration agreement — International commercial arbitration — Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 — s.7(5) — Incorporation, not mere reference — Held: Where one agreement provides that its terms shall constitute an integral part of another and shall apply mutatis mutandis, it does not merely refer to that other agreement but incorporates its terms, carrying the arbitration clause with them. (¶15, 16) Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 — s.7(5) — Reference short of incorporation — Held further: Where the reference shows that the document was not intended to be incorporated in entirety, the reference will not make the arbitration clause part of the contract unless there is a special reference to that clause. (¶18) Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 — s.11 — Pendency of a suit and Section 8 — Held further: A party is not to be relegated to a Section 8 application merely because the opposite party has instituted a suit; on clear contractual terms a reference to arbitration is necessitated. Arbitrator appointed. (¶20, 21)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 16Section 7(5) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 stipulates that the reference in a contract to a document containing an arbitration clause constitutes an arbitration agreement if the contract is in writing and the reference is such as to make that arbitration clause part of the contract. Clause (1) of the Amenities agreement is intended to make the arbitration clause which is embodied in the Amenities agreement (Clause 17) an integral part of the Leave and Licence agreement.
Paragraph 18The principle which emerges from the provisions of Section 7(5) is elucidated in paragraph 19 of the judgment, which is extracted below:
Acts & Sections
s.7(5) Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996s.11 Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996s.8 Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996

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Also decided in this judgment
Does a mere reference to a document make its arbitration clause part of the contract?Must a party use Section 8 of the Arbitration Act because a suit was filed?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections