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Supreme Court of India· 15 September 2026

Can a Medical Board's opinion on attributability be substituted merely because another view is possible?

UNION OF INDIA & ORS v. COL. NC ISAAC (RETD.)
2026 INSC 993 · SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 3680 OF 2025
Coram: Justice Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha · Justice Alok Aradhe
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Answer

A Medical Board's opinion on attributability cannot be substituted merely because another view is possible.

No. A Medical Board's opinion on attributability cannot be substituted merely because another view is possible; the Tribunal must scrutinize its reasons in detail before deciding a pending claim.

Headnote

Entitlement Rules for Casualty Pensionary Awards, 1982 — Entitlement Rules for Casualty Pensionary Awards, 2008 — r.7 proviso — Pension Regulations for Army, 1961 — Disability pension — Promulgation — Onus of proof — Entitlement Rules, 2008 — Promulgation — Validity not demonstrated — Held: The Entitlement Rules, 2008 cannot be treated as validly promulgated where the Union fails to demonstrate their source, time and method of issuance. The Raksha Mantri Report, 2015 found them issued without Cabinet or DoPPW approval. (¶22, 24) Entitlement Rules, 1982 and 2008 — Onus, causal connection — Substantially identical — Held further: Though the Entitlement Rules, 2008 withdraw the presumption of attributability at entry, they do not dismantle the claimant-protective structure of the 1982 Rules on causal connection, onus of proof and aggravation. The primary burden continues to rest on the employer. (¶29, 30, 31) Entitlement Rules, 2008 — r.7 proviso — Onus after fifteen years — Held further: The sole qualification lies in the proviso to Rule 7 of the Entitlement Rules, 2008. It shifts the onus of proving entitlement onto the claimant where the claim is made more than fifteen years after discharge, invalidment or release. (¶33, 35) Medical Board opinion — Deference — Appeals dismissed on delay and merits — Held further: A Medical Board's opinion on attributability deserves due weight and is not to be substituted merely because another view is possible. On these findings, the batch of appeals stood dismissed on delay and merits, with no order as to costs. (¶39, 40, 41)

Headnote

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In the Court's own words
Paragraph 39Having considered the matter in detail, we are of the opinion that, i) No case for interference in the present Special Leave Petitions/Civil Appeals is made out. They are accordingly dismissed on the grounds of delay as well as on merits. ii) We find considerable force in the submission made by the Ld. AG that the opinion of the Medical Board deserves to be given due weight and ought not to be substituted by a Court merely because another view is possible. In pending matters, the Tribunal must scrutinize in detail the opinion and reasons expressed by the Medical Board before deciding upon the claims. iii) If a claimant approaches the relevant forum after a period of fifteen years, the principle in Rule 7 of the Entitlement Rules 2008 applies and the burden shifts. Onus in such a case will be on the applicant to prove the conditions of entitlement.
Acts & Sections
r.7 Entitlement Rules for Casualty Pensionary Awards, 2008r.9 Entitlement Rules for Casualty Pensionary Awards, 1982reg.48 Pension Regulations for Army, 1961reg.173 Pension Regulations for Army, 1961

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Also decided in this judgment
Are the Entitlement Rules 2008 validly promulgated where the Union cannot demonstrate how they superseded the 1982 Rules?Do the Entitlement Rules 2008 dismantle the claimant-protective structure of the 1982 Rules on causal connection, onus of proof and aggravation?Does Rule 7's proviso in the Entitlement Rules 2008 require the claimant to prove entitlement after fifteen years of discharge?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections