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Madras High Court· 21 July 2026

Can an FIR be quashed under Section 482 merely because earlier FIRs were registered for related counterfeiting allegations?

2. Raja @ Valliappan S/o.Nachiyappan, 2nd Cross Srinivasan Nagar, Ariankuppam Commune, Puducherry v. 1. The State of Puducherry Rep by, The Inspector of Police, CBCID Police Station, Puducherry
Crl.O.P.No.35020 of 2025 · Crl.O.P.No.35020 of 2025
Coram: G.K.Ilanthiraiyan
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Answer

No. A subsequent FIR based on distinct seizures, discovery of manufacturing facilities in a different location and independent QR-code linkage is not registered for the same occurrence, and since it discloses prima facie commission of a cognizable offence and the FIR is not an encyclopaedia, it cannot be quashed at the threshold.

Headnote

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 — s.32 — s.32(3) — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 — s.173 — Copyright Act, 1957 — s.13 — s.51 — s.63 — s.65 — Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 — s.318(4) — FIR quashing — Section 482 — Multiplicity of FIRs — Overlapping remedies — Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 — s.32(3) — Saving clause — Concurrent prosecution under other laws — Held: Section 32(3) of the DC Act is a saving clause that explicitly permits prosecution under other laws even where an FIR is registered for offences also falling under Chapter IV of the DC Act. A police officer is barred only from prosecuting Chapter IV offences exclusively triable by the Drugs Inspector, and is not barred from investigating offences under other enactments such as the BNS. (¶6) Copyright Act, 1957 — s.13(1)(a) — s.2(c) — s.51 — Doctrine of overlapping remedies — Concurrent invocation with DC Act and BNS — Held further: The Copyright Act is a special statute operating independently, and the doctrine of overlapping remedies permits its invocation simultaneously with proceedings under the DC Act and BNS where the label and packaging design of a pharmaceutical product constitutes an original artistic work under Section 13(1)(a) read with Section 2(c), so that unauthorised reproduction attracts Sections 51, 63 and 65. (¶7, 8) Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 — s.318(4) — Dishonest inducement — Deception of consumers through counterfeit branding — Held further: Where counterfeit products bear the registered trademark and falsely represent the second respondent as manufacturer, replicating security features to deceive distributors, retailers and consumers into believing the products genuine, this constitutes dishonest inducement to deliver property by monetary benefit, attracting Section 318(4) of the BNS. (¶9, 10) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 — s.154 — Section 482 — Multiplicity of FIRs — Quashing at threshold — Held further: Registration of a subsequent FIR based on distinct seizures, discovery of manufacturing facilities and QR-code linkage is not registration for the same occurrence as earlier FIRs, and since the FIR is not an encyclopaedia and discloses prima facie commission of a cognizable offence, the investigation cannot be interdicted at the threshold under Section 482. Petition dismissed with direction to complete investigation and file a final report within twelve weeks. (¶11, 12, 15, 16)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 11Though already three cases were registered, the present FIR was not registered for the same occurrence. It was registered based on the seizure made by the first respondent on counterfeit Montek LC batches and also discovery of manufacturing and storage facilities in Puducherry operated by the second accused. Further the documents supplied by the first accused revealed the connection with the second accused and over scan verification of the unique QR codes sized from Puducherry and seizure of the same batch counterfeit products from Agra, manipulation of the E-way bills and suspected fake purchase invoices of product Montek LC by the accused persons. Therefore, the present FIR is not registered for the very same set of allegations registered in other FIRs.
Paragraph 12Further on perusal of the First Information Report, it is revealed that there are specific allegations as against the petitioners to attract the offence, which has to be investigated in depth. Further the FIR is not an encyclopedia and it need not contain all facts and it cannot be quashed in the threshold. This Court finds that the FIR discloses prima facie commission of cognizable offence and as such this Court cannot interfere with the investigation. The investigating machinery has to step in to investigate, grab and unearth the crime in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the Code.
Acts & Sections
s.32 Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940s.32(3) Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940s.22(1)(d) Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940s.27(d) Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023s.17B(b) Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023s.276 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023s.318(4) Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023s.61 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023s.173 Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023s.154 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s.58 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s.482 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s.13(1)(a) Copyright Act, 1957s.2(c) Copyright Act, 1957s.51 Copyright Act, 1957s.63 Copyright Act, 1957s.64 Copyright Act, 1957s.65 Copyright Act, 1957s.420 Indian Penal Code, 1860s.79 Trade and Merchandise Marks Acts.78 Trade Mark and Merchandise ActArticle 142 of the Constitution of India

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Also decided in this judgment
Does Section 32(3) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act bar police investigation of offences under other laws?Can the Copyright Act be invoked concurrently with the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and BNS for the same counterfeit goods?Does deceiving consumers with counterfeit branded products replicating security features attract Section 318(4) of the BNS?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Madras High Court. Corrections