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Supreme Court of India· 09 September 2026

Does a first charge under Section 11(2) of the EPF & MP Act prevail over the priority conferred by the SARFAESI Act's non-obstante clause?

M/s Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation v. Central Board of Trustees and Anr
2026 INSC 990 · Civil Appeal No.7724 of 2023
Coram: Justice J. B. Pardiwala · Justice K. Vinod Chandran
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Answer

A first charge under Section 11(2) of the EPF & MP Act prevails over the priority conferred by the SARFAESI Act's non-obstante clause.

Yes. A first charge under Section 11(2) of the EPF & MP Act prevails over the priority conferred by the SARFAESI Act's non-obstante clause. Since a mere statutory priority cannot be equated with, or given precedence over, a first charge, the EPF & MP Act's first charge overrides the priority under Sections 35, 13 and 26-E of the SARFAESI Act.

Headnote

EPF & MP Act, 1952 — s.14B — s.7Q — s.11B — s.11(2) — SARFAESI Act, 2002 — Recovery of damages — Discretion to levy penalty — First charge — Reference to larger Bench — EPF & MP Act, 1952 — s.14B — Discretion to levy penalty — Held: Discretion under Section 14B on whether to levy damages at all, not merely on their quantum, survives the 1988 amendment. A coordinate Bench's contrary view that imposition is automatic is doubted and referred to a larger Bench. (¶14, 16) EPF & MP Act, 1952 — s.11(2) — SARFAESI Act, 2002 — First charge prevails — Held further: A first charge under Section 11(2) of the EPF & MP Act overrides the priority conferred by Sections 35, 13 and 26-E of the SARFAESI Act. A mere priority cannot prevail over a first charge. (¶3) EPF & MP Act, 1952 — s.11B — Waiver of damages, sick industrial company — Held further: The Central Board's power under the Second Proviso to Section 11B to waive or reduce damages survives the repeal of SICA. It may extend to a Resolution Plan under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code akin to a BIFR rehabilitation scheme. (¶6) EPF & MP Act — s.7Q — Reference to larger Bench — Held further: Pending the larger Bench's ruling, the appellants shall pay the EPF & MP Act dues with Section 7Q interest in four quarterly instalments, without prejudice to seeking waiver from the Central Board. The matter stands referred to a larger Bench. (¶17, 19)

Headnote

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In the Court's own words
Paragraph 3We also notice the decision of a Co-ordinate Bench in Jalgaon District Central Coop. Bank Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra and Others[^4] (authored by one us, KVC, J.), wherein the statutory charge, as created under the EPF & MP Act, was found to prevail over a non-obstante clause; overriding the provisions of any law in force at the time of the enactment. The statutory first charge under EPF & MP Act was found to override the non-obstante clause in the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) and we extract Paragraph 27 of the said decision as under: ‘27. Undisputedly, SARFAESI Act is the latter act and if the question was solely of the non-obstante clause giving it overriding effect from any law for the time being in force, the SARFAESI Act would prevail. However, in the EPF&MP Act, Section 11(2) creates a statutory first charge on the assets of the establishment for any amount due from an employer, be it the employers' or employees' contribution, which would include any interest or damages also as has been held in Maharashtra State Co-operative Bank Limited(2009) 10 SCC 123. In that circumstance, the effect of the non obstante clause giving precedence over any other law for the time being in force pales into insignificance, as held in Central Bank of India(2009) 4 SCC 94. There being a clear first charge created under the EPF&MP Act, it overrides the priority under Section 35 and Section 13 as also that conferred under Section 26-E since a priority cannot be equated with a first charge and cannot be given prevalence over the first charge statutorily created.’
Acts & Sections
s.14B Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952s.7Q Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952s.11B Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952s.11(2) Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952s.35 SARFAESI Act, 2002s.13 SARFAESI Act, 2002s.26-E SARFAESI Act, 2002s.53(1) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016s.36(4)(b)(iii) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016s.30(2)(e) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016s.4 Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985

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Also decided in this judgment
Does discretion under Section 14B of the EPF & MP Act, on whether to levy damages at all and not merely on their quantum, survive its 1988 amendment?Does the Central Board's power under Section 11B of the EPF & MP Act to waive damages for a sick industrial company survive the repeal of SICA?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections