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Supreme Court of India· 28 April 2025

May an employer hold a domestic enquiry against an employee while a criminal prosecution on the same allegations is pending?

X ETC. v. RAJESH KUMAR & ORS.
2025 INSC 579
Coram: Surya Kant; Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh
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Answer

Yes. The two proceedings are independent of each other. The school management was left at liberty to hold a domestic enquiry against the teacher in accordance with the prescribed rules, independent of the criminal prosecution restored by the Court, and was at the same time directed to keep him under suspension until the trial concludes.

Headnote

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — ss. 7, 8 — Sexual intent — Physical contact — Quashing of FIR — Teacher and student — Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — s.7 — Any other act with sexual intent involving physical contact — Held: Section 7 reaches any other act with sexual intent which involves physical contact, not only touching the parts of the body it names; a teacher's position of authority and trust supports that inference. (¶4) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 — ss. 7, 8 — Quashing of FIR — Mini trial on preliminary statements — Held further: A High Court may not hold a mini trial on preliminary statements and pre-judge sexual intent before the victims depose; impugned judgment set aside, trial to proceed. (¶3, 4)

In the Court's own words
Paragraph 9The Management of the M.M.M. Higher Secondary School, Koottayi is directed to keep respondent No.1 under suspension till the conclusion of trial. The Management, however, shall be at liberty to hold domestic enquiry against respondent No.1 in accordance with the prescribed rules independent of the criminal prosecution restored by us. Ordered accordingly.
Acts & Sections
s.7 Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012s.8 Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012s.164 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

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Also decided in this judgment
Under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, must the physical contact under Section 7 be with one of the body parts the section names?Under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012, is a teacher's position over the student relevant to inferring sexual intent from physical contact?Can a High Court asked to quash an FIR under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 weigh the victims' preliminary statements and conclude that no sexual intent is made out?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Supreme Court of India. Corrections