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Madras High Court· 08 September 2026

Is examination of the attesting witnesses under Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 necessary where execution of the document is admitted?

GANGA v. KALAISELVI(DIED)
SA.341/2008 · 2026:MHC:3701 · S.A. No. 341 of 2008
Coram: Justice R.Sakthivel
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Answer

Examination of the attesting witnesses under Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 is not necessary where execution of the document is admitted.

No. Examination of the attesting witnesses under Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 is not necessary where execution of the document is admitted on either side and it has been acted upon. The plaintiffs there admitted execution and challenged only validity, the certified copy was marked without objection, and the competent person to challenge the deed had never done so in his lifetime. (¶18)

Headnote

Hindu Succession Act, 1956 — s.14(1) — s.14(2) — Transfer of Property Act, 1882 — s.43 — Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — s.68 — Will — Life estate — Vested remainder — Alienation — Hindu Succession Act, 1956 — s.14(2) — Life estate under a Will — Not in lieu of maintenance — Held: A life estate not intended for maintenance does not enlarge into an absolute estate under Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956. Where separate and abundant maintenance provisions exist, Section 14(2) alone applies. (¶16) Mitakshara — Self-acquired property — Bequest for absolute enjoyment — Separate property of the beneficiary — Held further: Property bequeathed under a Will for the absolute enjoyment of the beneficiary is separate property in his hands. Where the intention is to benefit his branch as well, it takes the character of joint family property. (¶20) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 — s.43 — Life estate holder and remainderman — Joint alienation valid — Held further: A life estate holder and the remainderman can together validly alienate the property covered under a Will, in the absence of any other interest holders. The title later acquired by the remainderman feeds the earlier transfer. (¶21, 26) Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — s.68 — Admitted execution — Attesting witness not required — Held further: Examination of the attesting witnesses under Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 is not necessary where execution of the document is admitted and it has been acted upon. Second Appeal allowed. (¶18, 27)

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In the Court's own words
Paragraph 18So its execution was not denied by the plaintiffs, they challenge only its validity. Further, Ex-B.2 is a certified copy. It was stated by D.W.1 / first defendant in her evidence that the original was produced in another case between the parties. The same was not denied by the plaintiffs' side. Further, Ex-B.2 was marked without any objection. Since the execution of Ex-B.2 - Gift Settlement Deed is admitted on either side and it has been acted upon as this Court is to elaborate infra, this Court finds no necessity for examination of the attesting witnesses under Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 to prove the execution of Ex-B.2. Therefore, this Court holds that the execution of Ex-B.2 - Gift Settlement Deed is proved. Moreover, as this Court is to elaborate infra, the suit property would be separate property in the hands of Veerappa. Hence, he is the competent person to challenge Ex-B.2 - Gift Settlement Deed if at all he has any grievance or contention. There is nothing available on record to show that Veerappa challenged the same during his lifetime. Veerappa passed away in 1986. In these circumstances, the plaintiffs cannot question the same.
Acts & Sections
s.14 Hindu Succession Act, 1956s.43 Transfer of Property Act, 1882s.68 Indian Evidence Act, 1872

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Also decided in this judgment
Does a life estate not intended for maintenance enlarge into an absolute estate under Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956?Is property bequeathed under a Will for the absolute enjoyment of the beneficiary separate property in his hands?Can a life estate holder and the remainderman together validly alienate the property covered under a Will, in the absence of any other interest holders?
Plain-language answer prepared by the LexStreak Editorial Desk — verify against the judgment. Source: Madras High Court. Corrections